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Objective To examine the clinical efficacy and safety of intracoronary verapamil during percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS).Methods Totally 98 patients with ACS undergoing PCI were randomly assigned to two groups:verapamil group (immediately intracoronary verapamil 200 μg/2 ml heparinised saline,n=48) and intracoronary saline control group (immediately intracoronary 2 ml heparinised saline,n=50) after deploying stent.The follow up time was 3 months.Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI)flow grade (TFG), corrected TIMI frame count (CTFC),TIMI myocardial perfusion grade (TMPG), myocardial blush grade (MBG) were assessed pre- and post-PCI and after drug administration.Echocardiography were performed one week after PCI. Incidence of major adverse cardiac events in hospital and 3 months follow-up were compared between the two groups. Results The differences in values of CTFC,TFG,TMPG,MBG after PCI were not found between two groups (P＞0.05). However,after intracoronary drug administration,verapamil group was superior to control group in terms of CTFC (t=6.47,P＜0.01),TFG (x2=5.17,P＜0.01),TMPG(x28.25,P＜0.01)and MBG(x2=2.12,P＜0.05).After correcting the influencing factors,only CTFC was still improved in verapamil group than in control group (x2 =2.36,P＜0.05).There were no significant differences between the two groups in TFG(x2 =0.58,P＞0.05)and MBG(x2 =0.91,P＞0.05) and TMPG (x2 =0.68,P＞0.05).Echocardiographic results after PCI were similar between two groups (x2 =0.65,P＞0.05).There was no difference in major adverse cardiac events between two groups (x2 =0.71,P ＞ 0.05 ). Conclusions Application of intracoronary verapamil after deploying stent is effective,safety and worthy of popularization in view of improving post procedural coronary flow in patients with ACS.
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Objective To investigate the expression of cathepsin B in photoaging skin and its signifi-cance.Methods Skin specimens were obtained from the right forearm(sun-exposed sites)and buttock (unexposed sites)of 6 healthy volunteers with informed consent and subjected to immunohistochemistry for the detection of cathepsin B expression.Primary human fibroblasts derived from the prepuce of children aged 3 to 6 years were cultured in vitro;after 10 to 15 passages,cells were divided into four groups to be treated with methoxsalen of 50 mg/L for 24 hours followed by ultraviolet A(UVA)exposure(premature senescence group),phosphate buffered saline(PBS)only(control group),UVA exposure only(UVA group),methoxsalen only(methoxsalen group).Then,the protein and mRNA expressions of cathepsin B were detected by Western blot and RT-PCR,respectively,in these fibroblasts 1,2,3 weeks after the treatment.Results Cathepsin B was observed in both exposed and unexposed sites of all volunteers,and the average absorbence of cathepsin B was significantly lower in exposed sites than in unexposed sites(0.2130±0.7997 vs 0.4520±0.5921,t=5.37,P<0.05).Decreased protein expression of cathepsin B was also noted in the premature senescence group compared with the other three groups.Moreover,the gray ratio between cathepsin B protein and glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH)in premature senescence group reduced from 28.099±O.054 before treatment to 25.1 03±0.102 in week 1 and 17.693±0.099 in week 3 after UVA exposure.RT-PCR revealed that the mRNA expression level of cathepsin B in fibroblasts of premature senescence group decreased by 36 percent compared with that in the control group.Conclusions The expression of cathepsin B decreases in photoaged skin as well as in UVA-exposed fibroblasts in a time-dependent manner,which may be associated with the self-repair of photoaged skin.
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Objective To investigate the expression changes of aspartic proteinase (cathepsin D) and cysteine proteinase (cathepsin K) in photoaged fibroblasts. Methods The senescence of human fibroblasts was induced via culture in the presence of 8-methoxypsralen (MOP) of 50 mg/L in darkness for 24 hours followed by irradiation with UVA of 80 kJ/m~2. Then, aged fibroblasts were confirmed by senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining. Real-time RT-PCR and Western blot were carried out to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of cathepsin D and cathepsin K in photoaged and normal control fibroblasts, respectively. Results Western blot showed a significant difference between photoaged and control fibroblasts in the grey scale of cathepsin D and cathepsin K (3.25 ± 0.33 vs 14.18 ± 2.25, f = 30.61, P < 0.01; 2.39 ± 0.66 vs 29.38 ± 4.62, t = 12.63, P< 0.01). The △Ct values for cathepsin D and cathepsin K mRNA were 2.79 ± 0.17 and -0.92 ± 0.06, respectively, in photoaged fibroblasts, significantly lower than those in the control fibroblasts (4.54 ± 0.34, 2.57 ± 0.13, t = 20.78, 28.50, respectively, both P < 0.01). According to the value of 2~(-△△Ct), the expression of cathepsin D and cathepsin K mRNA decreased 0.24 ± 0.021 and 0.09 ± 0.005 folds, respectively, in photoaged fibroblasts compared with the control fibroblasts. Conclusion The expression of cathepsin D and cathepsin K is decreased in photoaged fibroblasts.